The History of Indo-Chinese Cuisine – How Two Cultures Created a Culinary Sensation
Indo-Chinese food, otherwise called Sino-Indian, Hakka chinese or Desi-Chinese cuisine, is a distinct style of Chinese food adapted to appeal to Indian tastes, with spices, oils and sauces. It also includes Indian dishes twisted to include typically Chinese flavours. Indo-Chinese food is frequently stir-fried in a wok, with many fusion restaurants cooking where the woks are visible to the customers. Base ingredients are rice and noodles, cooked with common Indian vegetables and spices, and using Chinese sauces such as soy and Sichuan sauce.
The Cultural Backdrop – Chinese Migration to India
The most commonly cited origin of Chinese-Indian Fusion Food is migration from Southern China to Kolkata. In the late 18th century, Kolkata was geographically accessible from China by land. Migrants from Northern China and Hakka communities in Guangdong and Fujian provinces travelled to Kolkata to work, with the earliest setting up a sugar cane plantation and factory.
In the 1830s, the British government in India encouraged Chinese labourers to migrate for work in the Assam tea gardens. These migrants assimilated and settled, and migration continued until the mid-twentieth century when India gained Independence. The Chinese diaspora in India earned a living tanning leather, growing crops and, famously, running Chinese restaurants.
By the early part of the 20th century, Kolkata had a thriving Chinatown, and restaurateurs had begun adapting their cooking to suit Indian tastes.
The story of Indo-Chinese cooking can also be said to begin with several isolated encounters, including shared influences along the ‘Silk Road’, which passed from China to what was then Persia, connecting with other trade routes into India at the feet of the Himalayas. Other cross-cultural exchanges are more than likely, as India and China were neighbouring empires in ancient times, sharing culinary practices throughout Southeast Asia.
The Birth of Indo-Chinese Fusion
Wherever there is migration, there is cultural fusion. Just as the Indian migrants to the UK adapted dishes to British tastes (see our blog on the origin of Chicken Tikka Masala), the Chinese restaurants in Kolkata began offering adapted dishes that would appeal to Indians. The first of many Indo-Chinese restaurants was Eau Chew in Kolkata, offering a new style of cuisine. These early restaurants created dishes with names such as August Moon Rolls and Fiery Dragon Chicken. The fusion food spread quickly to smaller restaurants and street food vendors. Today, Mumbai street food has Chinese variants, such as Sichuan dosa and Chinese bhel.
Key Characteristics of Indo-Chinese Dishes
The defining feature of Indo-Chinese fusion is the balance between heat and sweetness. Spices like green chillies and red chilli powder add heat, but sauces are blended with sugar and honey to add sweetness that makes the cuisine approachable and unique, even for those who aren’t accustomed to very spicy food.
Global Spread of Indo-Chinese Cuisine and why people love it
By adding Indian masalas to Chinese dishes, the Chinese restaurateurs developed a sweet but spicy, oily, glutinous cuisine that Indian diners loved. Chicken curry became chilli chicken. Aloo Bhindi transformed into Kung Pao potatoes with okra.
The combination of sweet and spicy, dry sauces, textures and stir-fried foods is a crowd-pleasing cuisine, and gets an honourable mention on our A La Carte Menu.
Indo-Chinese Cuisine at Itihaas
Our Chilli Paneer is seasoned with chinese spices, stir-fried with spring onion, mixed peppers, chilli and garlic and tossed in dark soy sauce to create a delightful sweet and spicy take on Sichuan Paneer, an Indo-Chinese classic.
A vegan option is our Chilli Garlic Mushrooms. White button mushrooms are fried in crispy tempura batter and stir-fried in the same way as the paneer dish.
Enjoy the Itihaas Experience
Itihaas is proud to be a renowned Indian restaurant in Birmingham which provides a wide range of Indo Chinese menu options, all of which are packed with flavour.
